How to spot winter leaks early — and prevent long-term damage I PEMCO

Winter weather is tough enough without the surprise of water trickling into places it shouldn’t. At PEMCO, we believe the best insurance claim is the one you never have to make, and that starts with spotting trouble early. Whether water is creeping through your foundation, dripping through your roof, or bursting unexpectedly from frozen pipes, a fast response can mean the difference between a minor repair and major damage. 

Here’s your guide to finding leaks early, mitigating damage quickly, and preventing winter headaches before they snowball. 

Foundation leaks 

Foundation leaks are often subtle — slow seepage, damp corners, or musty odors. Winter snowmelt, freezing rain, and saturated soil can push moisture through small cracks. The key to preventing serious damage is catching it early. 

How to identify a leaky foundation 

• Cold‑weather condensation along basement walls 
• Damp or discolored drywall near the floor 
• A persistent earthy smell, even if you don’t see water 
• Efflorescence — a white powdery residue — indicating past moisture intrusion 

What to do right away 

1. Identify the entry point. Follow the moisture trail. Even if you can’t see a crack, note the dampest area — this is where you’ll start mitigation. 
2. Create airflow. Use fans, open interior doors, and run a dehumidifier to slow the spread of moisture. 
3. Remove wet items. Cardboard boxes, stored holiday décor, or fabric items absorb water fast. Getting them away from the leak prevents mold growth. 
4. Seal temporarily. Apply a temporary masonry sealant to hold you over until a professional evaluates the issue. 

Prevention moving forward 

• Clear snow and ice away from the home’s perimeter. 
• Make sure gutters and downspouts move water at least 5–10 feet away. 
• Consider a foundation inspection if you routinely see moisture each winter. 

Roof leaks 

Heavy snow, ice dams, and freeze‑thaw cycles make roofs especially vulnerable during winter. Waiting even a day after spotting a leak can lead to hidden structural issues. 

How to spot early warning signs 

• Water stains that seem to grow after storms 
• Peeling paint near the ceiling 
• A popping or cracking sound during freeze‑thaw cycles (a sign ice dams are building) 
• Condensation in the attic, especially around beams 

What to do right away 

1. Contain the water inside. Place buckets, towels, or waterproof bins under the drip to prevent flooring damage. 
2. Relieve attic moisture. Open attic vents or place a fan to slow condensation buildup. 
3. Inspect. Look for missing shingles or an ice dam forming near the gutter. Be careful with ladders—they can be exceptionally slick and risky in winter. You may want to leave that part to the pros. 
4. Tarp the area. A roof tarp keeps additional moisture out until repairs can be made safely. 

Prevention moving forward 

• Keep gutters clear to reduce ice dam formation. 
• Use roof‑safe snow rakes to manage buildup after heavy storms. 
• Ensure attic insulation is balanced. Warm spots create melts that refreeze at the roof edge. 

 Burst pipes 

Frozen pipes are one of the most common — and most damaging — winter emergencies. The good news? Early detection often prevents a full rupture. 

How to spot early warning signs 

• Low water pressure or slow‑running faucets 
• Frost or condensation on exposed pipes 
• Strange smells from drains (a sign water isn’t flowing) 
• Unusually cold spots in cabinets or utility rooms 

If a pipe has burst 

1. Shut off your main water valve immediately. This is the #1 way to stop further flooding. 
2. Turn off electricity if water is near outlets. Safety first — water and wiring don’t mix. 
3. Drain remaining water. Turn on all faucets to release pressure from the system. 
4. Start drying right away. Use towels, fans, and dehumidifiers. The faster you dry the area, the less likely mold will develop. 
5. Call a licensed plumber. Even small ruptures require professional replacement and inspection. 

Prevention moving forward 

• Insulate exposed pipes in garages, crawl spaces, and under sinks. 
• Keep interior doors open to allow warm air to circulate. 
• On freezing nights, let faucets drip slightly to keep water moving. 

Having a proactive mindset 

Winter leaks don’t start as disasters. They usually start small. A drip, a damp patch, a frozen length of pipe. Our prevention platform is built around helping you: 

• Spot the problem early 
• Act quickly and confidently 
• Prevent small issues from becoming big losses 

By catching the warning signs and taking action, you protect your home, your time, and peace of mind.